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		<title>使用正确的doctype声明-思洋互动</title>
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                                    <h1 class="mg-bt35">使用正确的doctype声明</h1>
                                    <span>时间：2022-06-18</span>
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                                                                        <p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">   <span style="font-family: sans-serif;">对于网站开发而言</span>，我们平时在做页面的时候可能会忽视这一点（包括鄙人，通常都是懒于不写而使用浏览器默认），随着目前网页编码规范化热潮的到来，大家都有必要了解一下这个细节，会有用处的。俗话说没有规矩不成方圆呢。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 虽然大多数Web文档的顶部都有doctype声明，但很多人都没有注意它。它是在你新建一个文档时，由Web创作软件草率处理的众多细节之一。虽然doctype被许多人忽视，但在遵循标准的任何Web文档中，它都是一项必需的元素。doctype会影响代码验证，并决定了浏览器最终如何显示你的Web文档。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline;"><br/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline;">doctype的作用</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important; text-align: center;">   doctype声明指出阅读程序应该用什么规则集来解释文档中的标记。在Web文档的情况下，“阅读程序”通常是浏览器或者校验器这样的一个程序，“规则”则是W3C所发布的一个文档类型定义（DTD）中包含的规则。<img src="/upload/image/20220618/1655520706107681.png" title="1655520706107681.png" alt="image.png" width="712" height="409" style="width: 712px; height: 409px;"/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 每个DTD都包括一系列标记、attributes和properties，它们用于标记Web文档的内容；此外还包括一些规则，它们规定了哪些标记能出现在其他哪些标记中。每个Web建议标准（比如HTML 4 Frameset和XHTML 1.0 Transitional）都有自己的DTD。假如文档中的标记不遵循doctype声明所指定的DTD，这个文档除了不能通过代码校验之外，还有可能无法在浏览器中正确显示。对于标记不一致的问题，浏览器相较于校验器来说更宽容。但是，不正确的doctype声明经常导致网页不正确显示，或者导致它们根本不能显示。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline;"><br/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline;">选择正确的doctype</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 为了获得正确的doctype声明，关键就是让DTD与文档所遵循的标准对应。例如，假定文档遵循的是XHTML 1.0 Strict标准，文档的doctype声明就应该引用相应的DTD。另一方面，如果doctype声明指定的是XHTML DTD，但文档包含的是旧式风格的HTML标记，就是不恰当的；类似地，如果doctype声明指定的是HTML DTD，但文档包含的是XHTML 1.0 Strict标记，同样是不恰当的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 有的时候，也可以根本不使用一个doctype声明。如果没有指定有效的doctype声明，大多数浏览器都会使用一个内建的默认DTD。在这种情况下，浏览器会用内建的DTD来试着显示你所指定的标记。对于一些临时性的、匆忙拼凑的文档（这种文档有许多），你确实可以考虑省略doctype声明，并接受浏览器的默认显示。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">完全可以从头编写一个doctype声明，并让它指向自己选择的一个DTD。然而，由于大多数Web文档都需要遵循由W3C发布的某个国际公认的Web标准，所以那些文档通常都要包含以下标准doctype声明之一：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">HTML 2：&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">HTML 3.2：&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">HTML 4.01 Strict：&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">HTML 4.01 Transitional：&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">HTML 4.01 Frameset：&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">XHTML 1.0 Strict：&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">XHTML 1.0 Transitional：&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">XHTML 1.0 Frameset：&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">XHTML 1.1：&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;">XHTML 1.1 plus MathML plus SVG：&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd&quot;&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 除了上面列出的doctype声明，具有特殊要求的一些文档还使用了其他几种声明。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> doctype声明通常是文档的第一行，要在&lt;html&gt;标记以及其他文档内容之前。注意，在XHTML文档中，doctype的前面偶尔会出现一条XML处理指令（也称为XML prolog）：&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 为了确保网页正确显示和顺利通过验证，使用正确的doctype是关键。与内容相反的、不正确的或者形式错误的doctype是大量问题的罪魁祸首。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); overflow: auto hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: -apple-system, &quot;SF UI Text&quot;, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif, SimHei, SimSun; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px !important;"> 用DW设计网页时，新建一个文件，看代码最前面总要出现一个下面的东东，<br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"/>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd&quot;&gt;这个是DW自动在网页文件页增加了DTD信息，可以删。 删除后，浏览器会使用的默认DTD。</p><p><br/></p>                                </div>
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